How the media can better understand the fake news phenomenon

James Breiner
Traditional news organizations made a deal with the devil when they turned to social media and search engine optimization to gain digital audience and revenue.
They recruited "community managers" to raise their profile on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and the like. They tagged their articles to raise them in search results.

Sky Sports is already the number one digital destination for sports in the UK

Twitter has signed a deal with Sky Sports to show Premier League highlights and goals on the social media site from the 2016/17 season.
As part of the agreement, Twitter users in the UK and Ireland will be able to see video clips of key moments and goals from all games broadcast by Sky in real time via the SkyFootball Twitter account.
The Sky Sports Football Centre app will also carry full highlights of every Premier League and Football League match for Sky Sports TV customers, including those shown on BT Sport after those games have ended.
Twitter users and Sky Sports subscribers in Ireland will also be able to see video content in real time from the Saturday 3pm games, which are traditionally not shown on TV.
Twitter’s Theo Luke said of the deal: “We can’t think of a better way to continue the momentous summer of sport on Twitter than live Premier League video clips.
“Sky Sports are incredibly innovative on Twitter so it seemed like a natural fit to work with them to bring fans the most sought after action in sport, in an instant.”
This latest announcement extends Twitter’s growing presence in the world of sport, with the social media platform having already run a similar highlights package during Euro 2016 and offered live and behind-the-scenes coverage of this year’s Wimbledon via its live streaming service, Periscope.
Twitter has faced extensive questions over its future when in competition with other social platforms, including Facebook, which has more than 1.6 billion monthly users compared with Twitter’s 310 million. Many regard the service as too confusing and Twitter has spent much of the last year working on improving its video content and live streaming abilities in order to appeal to new users.
David Gibbs, digital director of Sky Sports and Sky News, said: “We’re delighted to be working with Twitter to bring in-game clips to football fans across the UK and Ireland as part of our biggest ever season of football.
“With more than 30 million users across a variety of platforms, Sky Sports is already the number one digital destination for sports in the UK. By expanding our partnership with Twitter, we can bring even more great action to an even bigger audience.”

Twitter is testing 2 new customer service features that brands will love

Twitter appears to be testing a new feature that should help users get faster customer support from brands and businesses they follow on the platform.

On select profiles, it’s now displaying when those accounts are most responsive. You can see what that looks like on Medium’s profile page.

The feature is similar to one that Facebook rolled out for Pages. Last August, the social network began displaying a badge that read ‘very responsive to messages’ on Pages that had a response rate of 90 percent and a response time of 15 minutes.

As with other features that we’ve seen on select profiles, this might only be a test Twitter is running; it isn’t clear if it will become available to all users and if they’ll have any control over it. But it should make it easier for users to figure out when they can expect to hear back from businesses once they’ve posted a question or complaint.

It’s also trialing a new ‘Featured Tweets’ tab that seems to display tweets curated by the account owner. You can see it in action on IFTTT’s profile.

If they’re made available more widely, they’ll likely build on features Twitter introduced in February for brands that handled customer service on the platform, including a call to action button so users could quickly start a direct message conversation and survey questions with standardized score responses.

Twitter adds a button for sharing tweets via direct messages

Twitter is adding a button to tweets on Android and iOS today that lets you share them to a person or group using direct messages. Until now, if you wanted share a DM, you had to long-press on the tweet or click the ellipsis icon and then choose "share via direct message." Now you can click the envelope icon that appears underneath a tweet, to the right of the heart, and select the person or group you'd like to send it to. From there, you can add a comment or just hit send.
The new feature is similar to one that Pinterest launched when it released its own messaging function in 2014. At the time, Pinterest talked up its ability to create "conversations around an object," and I imagine Twitter thinks of its DMs the same way. How might you use such a feature? In a promotional GIF, Twitter suggests sending DMs to plan a camping trip, which is something that has probably never happened in the history of Twitter. You're more likely to use it to help you talk trash about something stupid that someone tweeted, sharing it with someone else who also has to follow that person for social reasons. "Can you believe this clown," you'll probably say, via DM, and then hope the other person doesn't screenshot it.
The number of DMs grew 60 percent in 2015, Twitter said, because people love to talk trash about each other. The company did not disclose the total number of messages sent, because it's way less than Facebook.

Google is making it easier for more games to come to Chromecast

Google wants more mobile game developers to create versions of their apps for TVs, and today

the company released a free tool for developers using the Unity game engine to do that without having to design separate software.

 The Google Cast Remote Display plugin, as it's called, will make the process of streaming a game from a mobile device to a TV easier via the company's inexpensive Chromecast device. This way, developers only have to configure the game for a larger screen and players should be able to "cast" it to the big screen the same way one would stream a Netflix show.
It makes sense for Google to cater to Unity developers. Unity is far and away the most widely used game design toolkit in the world due mostly to its ease of use for creating and running mobile games. But Google has a few words of advice on game design. 

For instance, developers should create TV experiences that don't require the user to look back and forth between screens too often, Google says. It also urges developers to think about how to smartly map control schemes — like letting a mobile device become a motion controller — so users can more comfortably play. 

The company released a set of design guidelines today to ensure developers take these rules into account and use the Remote Display plugin in a consistent manner.

Followers are valuable to your business

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SEO and profit from Google AdSense

If you've been using Google's AdSense on your pages you obviously feel the need to somehow generate even more traffic for your website, which in turn would translate to more AdSense click and a higher income.
But who do you do this? Well, the major way you'll get visitors to see your website (other then using AdWords, which is encouraged as well) is to use some techniques to have search engines send more and more users towards your page, by ranking high in search results for your topics of interest.
Believe it or not this is a technique, better known as search-engine optimization or simply SEO. So here are a bunch of tips that come handy under every amateur or professional optimizer's belt.
The first thing you need to take care of is the actual source code and layout of your page. This has to be kept as simple as possible. The problem comes when AdSense and the search engines themselves begin to have troubles in extracting the most relevant keywords on your site because of a too complex layout.
Secondly, try to have each one of your pages target only one specific topic. This way it is a lot easier for them to get indexed properly and for the AdSense ads to be consistent with the content of the site itself.
Also, try not to include too many hyperlinks in your page as well. This also means you should try not to use too many AdSense ads on your page either.
If there are certain keywords you wish to target, make sure the word you wish to target is present in the title, in the first paragraphs as well as in the name of the file. While you're at it you might want to ensure the word springs up in the page's last paragraphs.
And of course, it's very important for your content to have original and compelling content. How do you do this? Well the easiest way to do it is to find something you're really passionate about. That way, providing you give it a lot of effort you're bound to have a great page quite fast.
If the content you use in your site is in the public domain (which is highly discouraged) make sure that you at least give it an original title, and add an opening and a closing paragraph of your own.
This takes a little while, but if, after waiting, you still can't find your page near the top, you should try rewriting your title and your first and last paragraphs. It doesn't take much, often just changing a few words will give you the right results.
And of, course there's the use of keyword tools that may aid you in finding some good keywords to include on your page that will drive visitors to your site more and more.
So those are about the basic techniques in search engine optimization. You can find a lot of computer tools to aid you in doing this, and of course, Google is a great place to search for this.
In the end, you'll find that SEO is a complex topic, and entire books have been written on the topic as well. You might find that you have a lot of optimization you need to do in order to get more and more visitors to your site and clicking those precious AdSense banners.

Posting photos on Twitter

To post a photo in a Tweet:

1. Type your Tweet into the box at the top of your Home timeline. If using an Android device, tap on What’s happening? If using an iOS device, tap the Tweet icon . 
2. From the web, click Add photo. From a device, tap the camera icon to take a photo, or choose a photo from your gallery. (Tip: Read about how to include a video in your Tweet here.)
3. Once a photo is selected, you will see a thumbnail image (or file name) appear as an attachment. You can select up to 4 images to tweet at once. (Note: Animated GIFs cannot be included in Tweets with multiple images.)
   
   Editing a photo?
   If you are tweeting from the Twitter for iOS or Twitter for Android app, you can enhance, apply a filter, and crop an image once you select it.
   
   Tagging people in a photo?Tap Who’s in this photo? to tag people. Type in a full name or an @ username and then tap Done. (Note:Tags cannot be applied to animated GIFs.)
4. Tap Tweet to post your message and photo(s). Your Tweet’s character count will update to include the pic.twitter.com URL for your photo(s).
5. Tip: You can also send photos in direct messages. Click here for more information.

Note: To remove the image file you selected, click or tap the x on the image thumbnail (or next to the file name). To remove a tag, tap the tag and then the backspace or delete button. You can only do this before you tweet the photo. You can’t remove tags from a photo once it is tweeted.

Frequently asked questions:

What are the size and file type requirements?

• Photos can be up to 5MB; animated GIFs can be up to 3MB.
• We accept GIF, JPEG, and PNG files.
• We DO NOT accept BMP or TIFF files.
• Your photo will be automatically scaled for display in your expanded Tweet and in your user gallery.

Why doesn’t my animated GIF play on Twitter?

Twitter supports looping GIFs. If your animated GIF doesn’t loop and plays a single time, it will display as a static image.

How do I delete a photo?

You can delete a photo by deleting the Tweet that contains it. Once a Tweet is deleted, the photo will no longer be available from Twitter. However, please note that it may still be cached in some browsers, apps, and servers.

My Tweets are protected. Are my photos protected, too?

Only approved followers will be able to see your photos if your Tweets are protected.

My Tweets are protected. Can I still tag or be tagged in a photo?

If your Tweets are protected, you can tag anyone who follows you. By default, other users can’t tag you in a photo. However, if you wish to allow other users to tag you, you can adjust your account Settings.

What is the difference between a tag and a mention?

Tags appear on photos in Tweets, and mentions can appear in any type of Tweet. For more information about mentions, click here.

How do I remove myself from a photo I’m tagged in?

To remove your name or username from photo(s) you’re tagged in, tap into the detail view of the Tweet, then tap the ellipsis (•••) and select Remove tag from photo.

You can also stop an account from tagging you by blocking the user. Once you have blocked the user, your tagged name or username will no longer be shown on the photo.

I don’t want to be tagged in photos. How do I change my settings?

You can change who can tag you in a photo by visiting your Security and privacy settings tab on twitter.com or via Settings in the Twitter for iOS or Twitter for Android apps.

To change your settings using Twitter for iOS:

1. From the Me tab, tap the gear icon .
2. Select Settings from the menu that pops up, and tap the account @ username you’d like to adjust.
3. Under Privacy, tap Photo tagging and swipe to enable or disable photo tagging.
4. If you enable photo tagging, you can adjust your settings so that Anyone can tag me or only People I follow can tag me.

To change your settings using Twitter for Android:

1. In the top menu, tap on the overflow icon  (on the far right) and select Settings.
2. Tap the account @ username you’d like to adjust and then tap Who can tag me in photos.
3. From the menu that pops up, you can select Off to disable photo tagging, or you can enable photo tagging by selecting Anyone or Only people I follow.

Note: Please allow up to 30 minutes for changes to your photo tagging settings to take place.

Where can I see the photos I’m tagged?

Tweets with photo(s) you’re tagged in will be listed under Notifications in the Notifications tab. If you follow the person who has tagged you, the Tweet also be visible in your timeline.

What happens to the Exif data for my photo?

We remove the Exif data upon upload. It is not available to those who view your photo on Twitter.

Will all images appear in search?

Photos included in public Tweets may show up in Twitter search results. Photos posted in protected Tweets and deleted photos will not show up in search results.

If I protect my Tweets, what happens to my photos?

• Your photos will still be viewable by your approved followers.
• Photos previously shared by you when your Tweets were public will display an error message to those who do not follow you.
• If you don't want anyone to see your photos on Twitter, you should delete the Tweets containing those photos.

3 Steps to Optimize Article Titles for More Traffic

SEO (Search Engine Optimization) is an important process that I do for my blogs every day to

make them getting better ranking on search engines. Not saying off-page SEO techniques, in this article, I want to talk about some on-page SEO tips, that are usually mentioned by any web-master and blogger in basic SEO Guide, they are called: post title SEO tips.

At beginning, my blog has many quality and important articles, but I realized that has only some entries getting plenty of views and others not getting good traffic like that. If you also met that case, my tips in this post are for you to find out what is the thing that's the leading causes for low rankings on search engines of your great articles.

Optimize Article Title Examples

So, if we want to resolve this situation, the first thing we should think about now is that how to write a good article title which can bring back a lot of traffic by occupying good rankings on search engines (for relevant search queries). If you can not imagine why an optimized article title can affect to views for your site, just trying to visualize two following examples:

1. Install Wordpress Site Tips
2. Install Wordpress Tips for Beginners in Detail

If it was you, what's the post title that you will click? Actually your choice is not important, the importance is the 2nd title carries many focus keywords for the newbie as "detailed guidance", "beginners" and that is what a person who is learning how to install WordPress needs. Thereby, search engines will also prioritize showing your result on the first page because its detail in the article title.

OK, now I think you already understand about the importance of an optimized article title. If you are interested, please continue with my "tips" to know how to optimize article titles as below.

3 Steps to Optimize Article Titles for More Traffic

Before starting with my tips to write search engine friendly title, we need to set some mandatory requirements as follows:

• The title must relate closely to the content
• The title is no longer than 70 characters because the search results display only the first 70 characters in the title
• The title must have at least one keyword or important keyword phrase in the article content
• Only write title after finishing the article content

Step 1. Analyze Main Keyword

Keyword analysis is a very important step that you need to do first when starting title optimization. This step helps you identify important keywords which is being searched by many people to input it into your title.

Currently there are many keyword analysis tools, but I like Google's Keyword Planner most (you must have Google Adwords account first) because it's free and professional. If you do not know how to use it, let me explain how to use this tool to analyze and find optimized keywords to set to title.

Assuming we are preparing to write an article about "how to create a blog" and we use this tool to find relevant keywords which are being sought by a lot of people to use in our title. At first, we will access to Google Adwords homepage and choose Keyword Planner.

How Shaimaa al-Sabbagh Was Shot Dead at a Cairo Protest

Shaimaa al-Sabbagh died publicly. Journalists and camera phone-wielding bystanders captured the last desperate moments of her life after she was fatally shot on January 24, at a small, peaceful demonstration in downtown Cairo.
One painfully striking photograph became famous, reproduced on newspaper front pages and social media platforms — and helped turn her killing into a rallying point for opponents of Egypt's violently oppressive military government.
In it, she's being held upright, her small frame supported by a man in a black jacket with his arms around her waist and head at her breast. She looks ahead, her mouth slightly open in agony or shock, her short hair disheveled and clothes stained by the lingering Cairo dust. There is blood smeared down her cheek and leaking through her grey jumper in small patches where the contents of a shotgun cartridge fired at close range by a member of the security forces tore into her upper back and lacerated her heart and lungs.
Photographer Islam Osama took the now iconic image of Sabbagh as her friend Sayyid Abu el-Ela tried to save her. Image via Reuters.
The man in the picture is Sayyid Abu el-Ela, a friend of Sabbagh's who also attended the rally, meant to commemorate the hundreds killed in the popular uprising that unseated longtime autocrat Hosni Mubarak in January 2011.
The two first met four years previously as active members of revolutionary groups and were close throughout the political tumult which Egypt has suffered since then — together during acts of civil disobedience, rallies, marches and violent clashes with security forces. Sabbagh was, Ela says, "more than a brother" to him. Immediately after the picture was taken, he carried her across the road and placed her on the sidewalk. There are more pictures taken then, her eyes are closed and her head hangs back.
They couldn't stay on that patch of concrete. Security forces had already arrested two of those who'd tried to help Sabbagh and were chasing other demonstrators down the street, so another friend, Mustafa Abdul Ail, gathered her limp body up and moved down a passageway to a café with a loose arrangement of plastic chairs spread outside. He put her in one of them while both he and Ela shouted for an ambulance, and when security officers ignored their pleas, tried to find taxi or even a private car to take Sabbagh to hospital. Police were at both ends of the alley, however, and people were reluctant to help. The only one who did, was a doctor named Maher Nassar, who had been sitting in the café and came over to try and give first aid. But after a brief examination, he told Ail and Ela that she was dead. More cops arrived seconds later and dragged away all of those around Sabbagh, leaving her body slumped in the chair alone.
'We know that freedom is expensive, but now we ask ourselves if it is as expensive as Shaimaa's blood, and we are not sure about that.'
Sabbagh was 31, and lived in Alexandria with her five-year-old son, Bilal, nicknamed "Bebo." She was a member of the leftist Socialist People's Alliance Party (SPAP) — which organized the demonstration at which she died — and a tireless participant in politics and public work. Friends describe her providing what assistance she could for some of the most vulnerable members of society: workers, slum-dwellers and street kids.
She studied public folklore and was working on documenting the traditions of small Nile valley villages. A well-known poet too, Sabbagh wrote often about daily life and politics. It wasn't always serious; a colleague recalls through a mixture of tears and laughter that she once penned some verses about breadsticks, even though she didn't eat much.
Those who knew Sabbagh say she was a calm and conciliatory person, a constant source of support, despite instability in her own life. She was optimistic too, convinced that Egypt would soon move beyond its recent sad history.
Above all, friends say, she was a loyal mother, devoted to Bilal — a smart boy who she raised to know his rights and responsibilities and worked hard to put in a good school. He is now staying with a family friend and does not yet know his mother is dead.
Sabbagh was obviously loved and respected. She moved through a network of singers, artists, directors, authors, politicians, family and friends, some of whom are now gathering together to continue her projects and reprint her poems.
Her funeral was in Alexandria on January 25, but many came also to a memorial service held in a Cairo mosque a week after her death. Ela was there, first in a line of friends and SPAP comrades lined up under a portrait of her face at the mens' entrance to greet those who came to pay their respects. He was distraught. "It was an honor to live beside her, the most important thing that happened to me in my life was to be with her in her last moment," he told VICE News, stopping occasionally to brush away tears. "We know that freedom is expensive, but now we ask ourselves if it is as expensive as Shaimaa's blood, and we are not sure about that."
Later, he sobbed openly, comforted by Ail they embraced under the picture's gaze.
A week later, he described Sabbagh as the most precious person he knew. "She was the only beautiful thing in my life. And after her, there is nothing beautiful around."

Ela and Ail embrace under a picture of Sabbagh during a Cairo memorial ceremony. Image by John Beck
Sabbagh began the day she died at her home in Alexandria. She entrusted Bilal to a friend and caught a 9.30am Cairo train with three SPAP colleagues. They arrived around noon, had a late breakfast and drunk tea and coffee at a cafe, Hossam Nasr, one of the group who traveled with her, told VICE News. Then they climbed the five dusty flights of stairs to SPAP's anonymous downtown headquarters for a meeting on how to approach March's parliamentary elections.
It was an important discussion. The Egyptian military removed Mohamed Morsi, the country's first democratically elected president, from power in mid-2013 and has since tightened control, suppressing any form of dissent and persecuting Morsi's followers with systematic brutality. It also introduced a protest law that allows authorities to ban even peaceful demonstrations and forcibly disperse or jail protesters. Former army chief President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi was elected virtually unopposed in 2014's presidential polls and has since said that the upcoming elections will be the final stage in a democratic changeover. But instead, they look set to usher in Mubarak-era officials and a further regression to the old order, and many opposition groups have called for boycotts.
Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood, meanwhile, once the most organized political faction in Egypt, has now been outlawed, hundreds of supporters killed in clashes with security forces and thousands more jailed.
As well as the elections, SPAP's political bureau also planned to discuss an idea which had first been circulated on a closed Facebook group two days before — sending a small delegation to lay flowers in commemoration of those who lost their lives in the 2011 revolution at the government-constructed monument in central Tahrir Square. Sabbagh was in good spirits that afternoon, laughing, joking, Nasr recalls. She told SPAP party's Secretary General Talat Fahmi — a well dressed, silver-haired party elder — that they'd chant "down, down with Talat Fahmi!" in the street. She sang too, including Ana Bahebak Ya Biladi, a popular revolutionary song written from the perspective of a martyr speaking to their mother:
"tell my mother 'don't be sad,
swear on my life you won't cry',
tell her 'sorry mother,
I died, but our country lived.'"
It didn't seem like anyone would die for their country that day. Party leaders resolved to go ahead with the march, and while they were aware that it would violate the protest law, insisted the delegation be small, remain peaceful and avoid any provocation. The plan was to assemble briefly, lay a wreath with an SPAP placard then leave. Anti-government and anti-security forces slogans would be eschewed for the uncontroversial revolutionary mantra of "bread, freedom and social justice," and they agreed to return to the party headquarters if ordered to disperse. The timing of the march was also deliberate, Fahmi says. The uprising's official anniversary is January 25, but the Brotherhood had vowed action on the day itself. To avoid trouble, SPAP decided to stage its demonstration 24 hours earlier.
Security forces had, as they often do during tense periods, blocked access to Tahrir Square with razor wire and armored vehicles, so instead, the demonstrators decided on Talaat Harb Square, a six-way junction centered around a statue of the Banque Misr founder for whom it is named.
The group left the SPAP office on Mohammed Sedqy Pasha Street carrying a wreath of flowers and a large banner a little after 3.30pm. There were around 30 attendees in all, 13 of them more than 60 years old and two over 70, Fahmi says. They started the short walk toward the square via Hoda Shaarawy Street, sticking to their plan of only non-inflammatory chants, according to a number of witnesses. It was a weekend and the streets were empty, but they kept on the sidewalk to avoid blocking traffic. When they turned onto Talaat Harb Street and headed towards the plaza they saw a mixed force of uniformed police, plain clothed officers and members of the Central Security Forces — a paramilitary riot squad — ahead of them. They crossed to the other side of the road to avoid confrontation and stood in a line outside the Air France office on the southwestern corner of the square.
But the security forces appeared to be mobilizing, readying weapons and taking position.
Fahmi split off and approached the senior officer there, identified by laywyers and rights groups as a police brigadier general, and told him that they would place the flowers under the statue and leave without any further protest. The commander, recalls the SPAP secretary general, was enraged and threatened to violently disperse the demonstrators. Fahmi once again tried to explain, but was cut off. "He [the officer] repeated his threat so I told him in the end, 'ok, we will go'… I hadn't continued my sentence when I found a wave of bullets."
As Fahmi moved back towards the demonstrators to tell them to leave, sirens screeched, the security forces moved forward and firing began; tear gas at first, quickly followed by birdshot.
The demonstrators scattered. Or most did. Sabbagh was insistent that they should stay. Her worried colleagues tried to pull her away. "I was saying to Shaimaa 'let's run, because they will start intensively shooting,' says Nasr, who is seen wearing green and standing close to Sabbagh in video and pictures of the incident. "She said: 'no we started this and we have to finish it, their purpose is to scare us'," he recalls. Ela was nearby too and both he and Nasr half-dragged, half-cajoled Sabbagh down the street. They only made it a few feet from the protest spot.
Then, Nasr says, the brigadier general pointed towards them, seemingly giving an order to a masked officer holding a shotgun by his side. The gunman raised his weapon and fired birdshot in their direction at least three times. Some of the pellets from the first or second shot hit another Alexandria party member, Mohammed Sherif, in the head and arm and a few others lodged in Sabbagh's back and face, Nasr says. The third hit Sabbagh squarely in the back. The dozens of small lead balls inside a birdshot cartridge are designed to spread out over their trajectory. But the range was so close that almost the entire contents entered her body, tearing into her heart and lungs and causing massive internal bleeding, according to a subsequent forensics report.

Osama fled the scene to avoid arrest moments after taking these photographs. He says he is now haunted by her image. Image via Reuters.
For a moment, Nasr didn't notice his friend had been wounded, and moved between her and the security forces to protect her from further fire. As he did so, she collapsed. "I thought she fell down because I was dragging her in the opposite direction," he remembers. "It didn't enter my mind that she had been shot." He tried to pull her up from the concrete, shouting that they had to go, to run. But members of the security forces, including a plain-clothes officer in a cream jacket — also visible in the video footage — dragged him off, slammed him against a metal shutter by the Air France office, then hustled him towards an armored vehicle beating him as they went. He looked back and glimpsed Ela carrying a bloodied Sabbagh. It was the last time he saw her.
Ela says he was two or three steps away when Sabbagh crumpled to the ground. He immediately went to help but also didn't realise that she'd been shot until he found blood on her upper back. When she didn't respond, he put his arms around her waist and tried to pick her up himself. It was then that Islam Osama, a photographer with the local Youm El Sabea newspaper, took the now-iconic picture.
Osama was behind Sabbagh when she fell and took two pictures, moved closer and shot several more while Ela attempted to help her, then immediately fled the area to avoid arrest.
He later told VICE News that the international impact his photograph has had is a source of professional pride, but that it still affects him — the expression on her face something he sees again and again: "I sympathize with Shaimaa so much and the picture I took... the way she was… it became a ghost haunting me all the time," he says.

Ela described Sabbagh as the 'only beautiful thing in my life' and the most precious person he knew. Image via Reuters.
Ela carried Sabbagh across the road and put her down close to Cafe Riche, a Cairo institution that has witnessed key moments of Egypt's political history over its more than a century in business.
There, he tried to find out how badly she'd been hurt. "I didn't know what kind of injuries she had, and if they were dangerous or not," he says, "…[but] she started bleeding from the nose and mouth and I knew they were dangerous."
He describes then asking a nearby police officer to call an ambulance, but being ignored.
Fahmi recalls finding Ela and Ail outside Café Riche on each side of Shaimaa, panicked and confused. "I asked what was happening," he told VICE News from his office a few days later. "They said she was dying and I began to scream for an ambulance too."
He says he sharply ordered a young police officer with a walkie-talkie to call for medical help. The cop did as he was told, but none came. Fahmi continued to shout until the brigadier general noticed and arrived with men to arrest him. He was the second to be detained trying to help Sabbagh.
Ail, a big, bearded man with curly hair seen wearing orange in pictures from the day, picked up his mortally wounded colleague and moved down al-Bostan al-Sidi passage, while Ela ran in front, trying to get someone to call an ambulance or a taxi.
They placed Sabbagh in a chair in front of another café. Both say she was then still trying to grasp their hands.
Ail also describes repeatedly asking the police for help. "First I asked the security forces to call an ambulance but they didn't do anything. I asked many times. And afterwards, I carried her… and asked them to bring an ambulance one more time but they refused. I put her on a chair…. I didn't know then that she had already died."
Dr. Nassar — a white bearded man in his 60s with longish hair and thick black glasses — had just finished a cup of coffee and was about to ask for the check when the shooting started. When he saw Sabbagh, he came over to see if he could help. He couldn't. Nassar told VICE News that he examined Sabbagh's vital signs and quickly realized that her wounds were fatal. "I could do nothing for her, I had no instruments, no bandages, no blood and I told them she was dead."
"He looked at her eyes, and said she had died," Ela recalls. "We screamed at him, we were not convinced that she had."
Security forces then arrived from both ends of the alley and grabbed the men — including Nassar — one by one from around Sabbagh. They continued to ask for help. "While they were arresting us, we told them 'ok take us, [but] please first rescue her.' We [said] we were her brothers, so please don't leave her bleeding on the pavement','" Ela says.
Their pleas went unanswered; security forces threw them into armored vehicles but left Sabbagh slumped in the plastic chair.
Just four minutes had passed since Sabbagh was shot, and roughly 15 since they had set out on the march.
'I asked the security forces to call an ambulance but they didn't do anything. I asked many times.'
Not everyone was arrested. Nagwa Abbas, an SPAP political bureau member who took part in the demonstration, told VICE News that she saw Sabbagh being carried towards al-Bostan al-Sidi passage followed by a police vehicle and the brigadier general, who was gesturing that those trying to save her be arrested.
Abbas, an older woman with white-streaked black hair then hid herself in the bathroom of the cafe where Sabbath died until a party colleague, Mohammed Salah, called and asked her to go with the owner of a private car that offered to take her wounded colleague to the hospital. Salah had been threatened with arrest and tried to move from the area, but was detained anyway. Abbas went outside immediately and saw a youth carrying Sabbagh towards a car driven by an older man. Both were strangers, so she got in the back with Sabbagh's head on her lap while the younger man sat in front next to the driver. Sabbagh had at that point "no sign of life," she says.
The men drove them to the nearby Cairo Kidney Center, where they put Sabbagh in a wheelchair and then quickly left. The identity of the driver and youth is unknown to Sabbagh's friends and colleagues, but Abbas says she suspects that they were affiliated with the security forces, because the older man drove almost directly into a checkpoint then had a brief conversation with the officers there, during which he called them by name.
Azza Matar, a party colleague and friend of Sabbagh's, arrived at the hospital shortly afterwards. She had been late to the march and repeatedly tried to phone Sabbagh as she walked towards Talaat Harb Square from her nearby apartment.
But when she got to Hoda Shaarawy street, she told VICE News, her SPAP colleagues were running in the opposite direction pursued by police vehicles and shouting that they'd been shot at and gassed. She looked for Sabbagh, but friends told her to get to the office — staying in the street would mean certain arrest.
From inside the headquarters, she called and called Sabbagh until at last someone picked up. A stranger answered. "She told me 'the owner of this phone is alone in the cafe, she's helpless and someone has to take her to the hospital'," Matar recalls. She and other party members ran down the stairs and outside.
On the way, she met other SPAP members who said Abbas had gone with Sabbagh to the hospital. They didn't know which one, so Matar began frantically calling Abbas instead. While she tried, an ambulance finally arrived at the second cafe. It had taken at least 30 minutes.
Eventually Abbas answered, her voice trembling. "Shaimaa is not ok," she told Matar. "And I don't know what to do."
Matar hurried to the Kidney Center. When she arrived, doctors had already pronounced Sabbagh dead and were standing in a circle talking. "I found her [Sabbagh] in a wheelchair, blood coming out of her mouth and nose and her sweater red with blood. There were two wounds in her left cheek," Matar says. "Obviously she was dead, dead a long time ago."

Ela and Ail tried to help Sabbagh but were arrested by security forces. Image via Reuters.
She called the other party members to tell them the news. Some thought it was a joke at first or didn't believe it and insulted and cursed her. Matar then searched for Sabbagh's phone to avoid it being confiscated by police. Another party member who had arrived at the hospital handed it to her. Sabbagh's mother and sister rang continuously. Eventually, Matar picked and told them what had happened. "It was me who had to convey the news to them," she remembers. "When they called she [Sabbagh] was in front of my eyes. I tried not to answer but they kept calling."
Bilal called too, but this time, she ignored it. "The child, I couldn't...," she says, fading off.
It quickly became chaotic in the tiny hospital reception. More party members and friends began to arrive, accompanied by human rights lawyers. Police appeared too and put Sabbagh's body into the morgue. The chief of Qasr al-Nile police station, which has jurisdiction in the area, was with them. Both Matar and Abbas insist that he was the brigadier general who gave the order to shoot at Taalat Harb Square although lawyers working with SPAP say this is not the case.
The crowd there thought so, however, and shouted at the man, calling him a killer and arguing over Sabbagh's documents, which hospital staff had taken.
As they did, someone screamed that the police were trying to move her body out of the back door. It is standard procedure after a violent death, but Matar says they panicked, assuming that if authorities had both the body and the IDs then Sabbagh's friends and family would not be able to prove she had even existed, let alone how she died.
The group rushed to the hospital's rear entrance and found officers securing a passage to an ambulance for Sabbagh's body, which was now on a stretcher. Abbas tried to reach them. "I told them I wanted to finish my mission and if they wanted to arrest me because I took the body, then they could, but they should keep me with the body," she says.
The police chief then elbowed her in the chest, she claims, knocking her back as Sabbagh was put into the ambulance. But SPAP members and supporters blocked the vehicle's way and hustled Ahmad Raghib, a lawyer with the human rights-focused Hisham Mubarak Law Center, into the ambulance. He accompanied her body to central Zeinhom morgue.
Matar and many others, including several more lawyers, joined them there from around 6pm and stayed while the legal team pushed for an autopsy, which was eventually performed. They waited for seven hours until Sabbagh's uncle came to collect the body.
'I sympathize with Shaimaa so much and the picture I took... the way she was… it became a ghost haunting me all the time.'
Six were arrested as Sabbagh died: Fahmi, Ela, Ail , Nasr, Nassar and Salah. Nasr, the first to be arrested says that he was beaten after being taken to an armored vehicle. Fahmi, second to be seized, says that he too was physically abused as he was taken away, even though he insisted he wasn't resisting. He describes being thrown at officers' feet in the same armored vehicle as Nasr.
The men were then transferred to a police van, where they found Ela and the others, who told them that Sabbagh had died. All six were then taken to Qasr al-Nile police station and transferred to Abdeen district, where they spent the night before being routed on to the local prosecutor's office later that day.
Prosecution officers first said that they would be questioned as eyewitnesses, but then pressed charges for attacking security forces, blocking traffic, and chanting anti-government slogans.
Several others, including Abbas and Center for Egyptian Women's Legal Assistance chair Azza Suleiman, who were not arrested with the six men, later went to give testimony and charged with the same offenses.
All the charges but that of violating the protest law have now been withdrawn after being rendered blatantly false by the large amount of video evidence. But the defendants could still face jail time.

Sabbagh's funeral was held in the city of Alexandria. Image via Reuters
The accounts given by all interviewees — including some not named in the piece — correspond on all major points and almost all details, although there are some small disparities. Osama is sure that Ela was the first person to try and help Sabbagh. Nasr can be seen in pictures in the seconds before she was shot, however, as well as being arrested moments later.
Fahmi believes tear gas wasn't fired, saying he would have been certain to smell it. Nevrtheless, Osama has pictures of the gas and everyone else reports that it was fired before the birdshot.
The most striking discrepancy came from Atef Salama, a worker in the al-Bostan al-Sidi Passage cafe who started his shift shortly before the events took place. At first, he gave VICE News an identical account to the others, saying that those surrounding Sabbagh were arrested within "three or four" minutes of arriving at the cafe, by which point she was "already gone."
Later, however, after the interview touched on his being questioned by the police, he blamed those around her for failing to help and said that they refused offers of a car and a motorbike to take Sabbagh to hospital. He then said that there had in fact been a 15-minute wait before the arrests took place. "They [the police] have questioned me three times... And I said the same things I told you," he said. "I tried to help her and I am accusing the people around her before she died."
'The investigation neglected those with actual weapons and went with illusionist tricks.'
It is virtually certain that a member of the security forces shot Sabbagh. Numerous eyewitnesses describe the same masked man raising and firing his weapon in her direction before she collapsed to the ground, and the same scene is also seen in video footage. Moreover, the forensics report says the birdshot found in her body was fired from no more than eight meters away, allowing little other possibility.
Even Sisi took the almost unprecedented step of hinting that a member of the police might be responsible during a speech in which he described Sabbagh as his "daughter", although added that the reputation of an entire institution should not be tarnished by the actions of an individual. Authorities have now opened an investigation into the killing.
But this only happened after huge publicity and rare condemnation by state media. It previously looked as if her death would be whitewashed like so many others. An Interior Ministry official, General Gamal Mokhtar told reporters on January 28 that police would not use force to disperse such a small demonstration and suggested that the footage showing her being shot might have been staged. Minister for the Interior Mohamed Ibrahim said that police officers only carried tear gas and that shotguns were "strictly forbidden" at demonstrations.
These claims are also plainly untrue. Shotguns were reported by all eyewitnesses that spoke with VICE News and can be seen in photographs and video footage of the event.
Some pro-government media outlets also suggested that the Muslim Brotherhood might somehow be guilty of killing Sabbagh. The group is now frequently blamed for almost any ill, even for acts — like attacks on troops in the Sinai — for which others have claimed responsibility.
In the aftermath, videos also began to circulate among army supporters suggesting the real killer was a tall man in a brown jacket seen walking away, apparently calmly, from the scene. The man had his hand in his pocket and, they claimed, had shot her with a concealed weapon.
The man was SPAP vice-president and acting leader Zohdy el-Shami, who had also been at the march. He had been hit in the head during the rush to escape the firing and was moving away in a daze, he says.
Afterwards, he attended Sabbagh's Alexandria funeral then returned to his home in nearby Damanhour. However, on January 31 the Qasr al-Nil district prosecutor's office demanded his presence in Cairo, then questioned him as a suspect for hours and accused him of carrying a weapon and assaulting citizens.
Shami, a slender, mild mannered man in his 60s who recently had heart surgery, is diplomatic, but bemused by the affair. "The investigation neglected those with actual weapons and went with illusionist tricks," he told VICE News.
It would of course be easy to prove if he had indeed shot Sabbagh with a gun in his pocket, as his jacket would at the very least be singed and coated with gunshot residue. Prosecutors accordingly went to Shamy's house in Damanhour and retrieved the garment.
However, they did so without a warrant and without Shamy actually being present, he says, both legal violations. Ali Soliman, a lawyer with the Front to Defend Egypt's Protesters working with SPAP on the case backs this account and adds that authorities then claimed that Shami's family had voluntarily given them the jacket. But he lives alone, and Soliman says witnesses saw prosecution officers break down the door.
The lawyer adds that he was worried the prosecution would shoot a hole in the coat and fabricate evidence in order to frame Shami. After SPAP leaders, along with representatives of other political parties, met with Sisi in a prescheduled meeting, however, he was released.
Sisi gave his speech on the matter shortly afterwards and this had a "magical effect," Soliman says, adding that without it, he is sure the SPAP vice-president would have been made patsy. "Without this meeting they would have put a gun there [the coat pocket] and shot a bullet and finished!" he says, dusting his hands.
Dr. Nassar criticizes Sabbagh's colleagues for moving Sabbagh, something he says could have caused further harm. In the midst of the firing, Ela and Ail felt they had little other option, however, and doing so is common in Egypt, where few have medical training and the bloodied bodies of the wounded or dying are often rushed from clashes on the back of motorbikes or in friends' arms.
Pictures of President Sisi and other government officials with the word "killer" are held by protesters on a Cairo Bridge on February 14. Image via Reuters.
Qasr al-Nile prosecutor's office announced on February 10 that Sabbagh's killer is now in custody and will be identified within days, according to state media. Initial reports indicated that this may be a police officer.
Two days later, Prosecutor General Hisham Barakat ordered a media gag order until investigations are completed and urged "accurate" media coverage. The statement also described the case as a misdemeanor, however, which means that even if a conviction does follow, the maximum sentence will be just three years.
Even if appropriate justice is meted out to those responsible for Sabbagh's death, this would be a special case. The huge amount of damning photographic and video footage combined with a forensics report officially establishing how she died and her background as a mother, poet and secular activist made it hard for authorities to accuse her of violence or blame another party.
Instead, the image of a peaceful demonstrator gunned down as she lay flowers to commemorate the dead prompted massive criticism that forced an official reaction. Likely not for ethical reasons, however, but because authorities are increasingly aware that police brutality was one of the reasons for the 2011 revolution and that it can pose a future existential threat too.
Hundreds have died at the hands of security forces since the revolution, but their killers are rarely held accountable in any form. This year alone, 26 perished around the revolution anniversary and more than 20 lost their lives in a stampede when officers shot birdshot and teargas at soccer fans outside a Cairo stadium on February 8. None will be described as Sisi's children, or, if previous cases are anything to go by, even be the subject of a proper investigation.
A girl, 17-year-old Sondos Ridha was shot and killed at an Islamist-led protest in Alexandria by police the day before Sabbagh's death. Her association with the Muslim Brotherhood, which is reviled by the state and secular opposition alike, meant outrage was limited. There was little condemnation, no rush of sympathizers, and no forensics report. Instead, she, like so many others, was buried in silence along with her rights.